Golfer’s Elbow

Golfer’s elbow, also called medial epicondylitis, is a painful condition occurring from repeated muscle contractions in the forearm, which leads to inflammation and microtears in the tendons that attach to the medial epicondyle. The medial epicondyle is the bony prominence that is felt on the inside of the elbow.

Golfer’s elbow and tennis elbow are similar except that golfer’s elbow occurs on the inside of the elbow and tennis elbow occurs on the outside of the elbow. Both conditions are a type of tendonitis, which means “inflammation of the tendons”.

Signs and symptoms

The signs and symptoms of golfer’s elbow can include the following:

• Elbow pain that appears suddenly or gradually
• Achy pain to the inner side of the elbow during activity
• Elbow stiffness with decreased range-of-motion
• Pain that may radiate to the inner forearm, hand or wrist
• Weakened grip
• Pain that worsens with gripping objects
• Pain that is exacerbated in the elbow when the wrist is flexed or bent forward toward the forearm

Causes

Golfer’s elbow is usually caused by the overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons that control wrist and finger movement, but may also be caused by direct trauma such as with a fall, car accident or work injury.

Golfer’s elbow is commonly seen in golfer’s, hence the name, especially when poor technique or unsuitable equipment is used when hitting the ball. Other common causes include any activity that requires repetitive motion of the forearm such as: painting, hammering, typing, raking, pitching sports, gardening, shovelling and fencing.

Diagnosis

A golfer’s elbow can be diagnosed with a review of your

• edical history, thorough
• physical examination and
• an X-ray to rule out a fracture or arthritis as the cause of your pain.
• Occasionally, if the diagnosis is unclear, your physician may order further tests to confirm golfer’s elbow such as MRI, ultrasonography and injection test.

Treatment Options

Golfer’s elbow can be treated with nonsurgical or surgical methods.

Your physician may recommend conservative treatment options to treat the symptoms associated with golfer’s elbow, which may include:

• Activity restrictions: Limit the use and rest the arm from activities that worsen the symptoms.
• Orthotics: Splints or braces may be ordered to decrease stress on the injured tissues.
• Ice: Ice packs applied to the injury will help diminish swelling and pain. Ice should be applied over a towel to the affected area for 20 minutes, four times a day, for a couple of days. Never place ice directly over the skin.
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications and/or steroid injections may be ordered to treat the pain and swelling.
• Occupational therapy: OT may be ordered for strengthening and stretching exercises to the forearm once your symptoms have decreased.
• Pulsed ultrasound: A non-invasive treatment is used by therapists to break up scar tissue and increase blood flow to the injured tendons to promote healing.
• Professional instruction: Consult with a sports professional to assess you and instruct you on proper swing technique, and appropriate equipment to prevent recurrence.

Surgery

If conservative treatment options fail to resolve the condition and symptoms persist for 6-12 months, your surgeon may recommend surgery to treat golfer’s elbow. The goal of surgery is to remove the diseased tissue around the inner elbow, improve blood supply to the area to promote healing, and alleviate the symptoms.